Computer technology and the networked organization (Case) Essay

Computer technology and the networked organization (Case) - Essay Example Geographical area coverage of the business has a strong impact on the choice of network selection. Moreover, the computer networking structure classification depends on its physical topology (Bonaventure, 2011). In this paper, the focus has been rendered on the networking structure and the technologies suitable for a medium sized food store to run its business facing minimum communication hurdles. The choice of network structure and its link with the technology used plays a vital role to keep a track of the business progress, without much human intervention and distortion. Discussion Networking Architecture In today’s world, computer network system is not just an interconnected device. It is widely used to bridge the gap between the two ends of a communication channel, i.e. the communicator and the receiver. The choice of the network design depends on the business structure and its underlying intention. The network configurations used by organizations commonly include peer-to- peer or the client/server frameworks (Bakardjieva, n.d.). The peer-to-peer network is used when there are less than ten computers connected with each other in a workplace to share the files, word documents, printers, and access to internet within a small geographical area i.e. in a same floor. It has no server; hence, the computers connect with each other in the form of a workgroup to share files (Bakardjieva, n.d.).

Business Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Business Analysis - Essay Example My perspective of the mentioned learning outcomes is that the business environment is a complex setting with diverse factors that influence all the decisions that managers make concerning business. This work will seek to demonstrate the interrelations of the mentioned learning outcomes and their relevance to the performance of firms. The environment consists of both internal and external factors that interplay to affect the way businesses make choices regarding what to produce and what to sell on the market. For this case, the market place forms the biggest force in the external environment that affects the choices from within the internal environment. I understand that the government forms unit of regulation of business activities in both the micro and macroeconomic environments. Economics deals with the choices that people make because of the limited resources, which for this case, contains both the individual producers and consumers as well as the aggregate economy. Microeconomics is, therefore, the study of individuals within an economy while macroeconomic concerns the aggregate economy. Both firms and consumers within the economy have to make choices regarding the use of limited resources. For this case, the consumers form the market forces because they affect the levels of demand for the goods and services that the firms make within the economy. I understand that the choices that companies make concerning the production of their products constitute the market structures such as the oligopolies, monopolies, and perfect competition. Managers of the firms have to make choices of the best alternatives that will give the best returns after studying the activities of their competitors. Such decisions constitute the market curves, which are actual theoretical tools that predict the likely outcomes of a given decision concerning the production of goods and services. It is evident that the

Introduction To The Industrial Revolution History Essay

Introduction To The Industrial Revolution History Essay Someone says the beginning of the first Industrial Revolution is in the year of 1795,but until 1830 it hasnt really vigorously spread all over the world. In most of the view, the industrial revolution originated in midland of England, middle of the eighteenth century. The British Watt improved steam engine later. Through a series of technical revolution , manual labor began to change into machine production . Then the Industrial Revolution spread to the rest of Europe from the UK, in the 19th century it spread to North America. And this is the age of machines. The histrionic meaning of Industrial Revolution is it was a period from 1750 to 1850 where changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the social, economic and cultural conditions of the times. Almost everyones life was influenced by it everyday. Part Two: The effects of Industrial Revolution on the society The Agricultural Revolution created the chance of Industrial Revolution. The enclosure movement forced many people moved to city. For they had no land anymore. These people became the labor of the capitalist. Also through colonialist wars England accumulated huge capital fund. The process of mechanization, make labor productivity can be doubled, industrial production and trade with unprecedented speed growth, various social economic indicators were obviously improved. However, the working condition of workers was very poor at that time. Dangerous machinery ,poor living conditions,working class was not clean,mothers taken away from children to work in the factory, families suffered .Poor workers were at the hands of the wealthy factory owners, who mistreated then with harsh punishments and unrealistic working hours and schedules. Human became parts of machines. There was no human right in factories. In terms of social structure, the Industrial Revolution witnessed the triumph of a middle class of industrialists and businessmen over a landed class of nobility and gentry. Ordinary working people found increased opportunities for employment in the new mills and factories, but these were often under strict working conditions with long hours of labour dominated by a pace set by machines. As late as the year 1900, most industrial workers in the United States still worked a 10-hour day on average, yet earned from 20 to 40 percent less than the minimum deemed necessary for a decent life.However, harsh working conditions were prevalent long before the Industrial Revolution took place. Pre-industrial society was very static and often cruel-child labour, dirty living conditions, and long working hours were just as prevalent before the Industrial Revolution. On the other hand, industrial revolution was brought benefit to the country. The industrial revolution changed the European and American countries economic structure and the labor structure . In Britain, for example,the agriculture of England in the proportion of GDP dropped from 45% in 1770 to 22% in 1841, then 6% in 1901, industrial accordingly increased from 24% to 34% and 40%. The agricultural labor population in the proportion of the total labor population in 1801 was 35% ,it decreased to 9% in 1901, industrial labor was increased from 29% to 54%. That means increase of the national finance.And the process of urbanization. At the same time, big gap between the proletariat and the capitalist class began to bring social problems to those countries which was at the age of machines.Labour movements liked storm across all over the world. So there was a new kind of unionA trade union ,It is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals such as protecting the integrity of its trade, achieving higher pay, increasing the number of employees an employer hires, and better working condition. The trade union, through its leadership, bargains with the employer on behalf of union members and negotiates labour contracts with employers. The most common purpose of these associations or unions is maintaining or improving the conditions of their employments. Besides,the transportation system in Great Britain has developed fast. First is Canals. They were the first technology to allow industry materials to be easily transported from one place to another, for example ,coal. A single canal horse could pull a load dozens of times larger than a cart at a faster pace. By the 1820s, a national canal network was in existence. Second is roads. Much of the original British road system was in poor condition before the industrial revolution. Most of these road were managed by thousands of local parishes, but from the 1720s turnpike trusts were set up to charge tolls and maintain some roads. The last is railroad. Construction of major railways connecting the larger cities and towns began in the 1830s. But the fact is such railway network only gained momentum at the very end of the first Industrial Revolution. After many of the workers had completed the railways, they did not return to their rural lifestyles but instead remained in the cities, providi ng additional workers for the factories. Industrial Revolution not only changed the lifestyle of people at that time,but also enlarged peoples knowledge range. With the appear of printing machines, most people could have access to books and newspaper .The information revolution began. Also with the help of steam engines, people can move farther and faster than before. So they could bring information back and keep the news fresh. And new inventions or new technology spread all around the world. Part Three: What can we Chinese draw from this historical event

The Vietnam War - The 1968 Tet Offensive :: Vietnam War Essays

The Vietnam War - The 1968 Tet Offensive For several thousand years, Vietnamese Lunar New Year has been a traditional celebration that brings the Vietnamese a sense of happiness, hope and peace. However, in recent years, It also bring back a bitter memory full of tears. It reminds them the 1968 bloodshed, a bloodiest military campaign of the Vietnam War the North Communists launched against the South. The "general offensive and general uprising" of the north marked the sharp turn of the Vietnam War. Today there have been a great number of writings about this event. However, it seems that many key facts in the Communist campaign are still misinterpreted or neglected. In the mid-80, living in Saigon after being released from the Communist "re-education camp," I read a book published in the early 1980's in America about the story of the 1968 Tet Offensive. It said that the North Vietnamese Army supreme command had imitated one of the greatest heroes of Vietnam, King Quang Trung, who won the most spectacular victory over the Chinese aggressors in the 1789 counter-attack - in planning the 1968 operations. The book quoted King Quang Trung's tactic of surprise. He let the troops celebrate the 1789 Tet Festival one day ahead so that he could launch the attacks on the first three days of the lunar new year while the Chinese troops were still feasting and not ready to organize their defense. Those who claimed the similarity between the two campaigns certainly did not know the whole truth, but jumped into conclusion with wild imagination after learning that the North Vietnamese attacking units also celebrated Tet "one day ahead" before the attacks. In fact, the Tet Offensive broke out on the Tet's Eve - in the early morning of January 30, 1968 at many cities of Central Vietnam, such as Da Nang and Qui Nhon, as well as cities in the central coastal and highland areas, that lied within the Communist 5th Military Region.. The other cities to the south that included Saigon, were attacked 24 hours later at the small hours of January 31. Thus the offensive lost its element of total surprise that every tactician has to respect. But It surprised me that some in the American media were still unaware of such tragic story. The story started some 5 months previously. On August 8, 1967, the North Vietnam government approved a lunar calendar specifically compiled for the 7th time zone that covers all Vietnam, replacing the traditional lunar calendar that had been in use in Asia for hundreds of years. That old calendar was calculated for the 8th time zone that Beijing falls

Defense and National Stability

Having built your particular community what were some of the Issues you needed to consider. – Counter Terrorism and Irregular weltare: Acting in concert with other means of national power, we must continue to be strong and show other affiliates and adherents under constant pressure, wherever they may be. To achieve good counter terrorism and irregular, the strategies involve an increase in standard police and domestic intelligence and also technology. With good technology has, however, expanded the range of military and law enforcement operations.Countering rregular welfare, we need to be connected with the community and make sure there isn't any space left (like, swamps, jungle, forests, and hills) for them to have their people train and learn how to fight, or recruit members throughout the community. – Power projection (aka force projection): We need to have an area distant to form our own territory In order to maintain our ability to project power In areas In which o ur access and freedom to operate are challenged. This ability is a crucial element of a state's power in International relations.There are soft and hard power projections. oft power projections are securing sea lanes of communication, next Is non- combatant evacuation, or humanitarian, last is peace-keeping as military operations designed to support diplomatic efforts to reach a long-term political settlement to an on-going dispute. Hard projections are compulsion deterrence, armed intervention or showing the flag which symbolic deployment of military forces toa region for the purposes of demonstrating political Interest, resolve or to take more forceful military actions. ? Environment: Globalisation has brought about an Increase in environmental egradation; some argue that it has also brought about an increase In awareness of environmental management. 2) What were some of the key considerations you had to bear In mind when you were bulldlng your society? – Operate effectivel y in cyberspace: In modern armed forces, we cannot conduct fast-paced, effective operations without reliable information and communication networks and assured access to cyberspace. o nowadays we need best supporung Infrastructure In order to face a range of threats that may destroy, disrupt or degrade assets. Therefore, we ould need to work with domestic and international allies and partners and endow In advanced capabllltles to defend our networks and resiliency towards cyberspace. – Counter weapons of Mass Destruction: Even though, how good our country Is, if ever there are people who make use of Illegal proliferation ot any type weapons operation.Our country may not be a safe and peace place. Thus, we need to implementa Cooperative Threat Reduction (Nunn-Lugar) Program, and planning and operations to locate, monitor, track, interdict and secure Weapons ot Mass Destruction and related omponents and the means and facilities to make them. 3) wnat Klnas 0T Tacllltles 010 you plan wnen you were DullOlng you community Heritage (Internal Security Department): To show the citizens about the threats from international terrorism, foreign subversion and espionage. Shelter and Radio Stations: Create Bomb Shelter, place to keep the family and people protected in order to avoid the outside disaster and stay safe for the time being. Having a Radio stations can allow the listeners to be well inform about what happen outside when in the bomb shelter has no power socket to plug in and watch he television also if have avoid overexposure to news rebroadcasts of the events. Television news of traumatic events can be particularly frightening to children, especially when it is viewed repeatedly.Thus, stay tuned to the local emergency response network or news station for up-to-date information and instructions. -Community Safety Centre: A place to give the people in the community to have a view on what happen when disaster strike. The centre comprises of the ‘house' plus a training room with full audio-visual facilities and remote handset quiz equipment to enhance the visit. ) How did you make the lives of your people colorful? – Common living space provided by public housing: Living together in the same neighborhood provides opportunities for people from different ethnic groups to interact. Have Community center and Shopping malls: Allow them to relax and learning new things in free time. – Have events and programs organized by grassroots organizations: Grassroots organization such as People's Association (PA) create common space through their wide range of programs and activities developed to cater to the needs and interests of every citizen. (Like home visits) 5) What are some easons for the rise of conflicts in societies and what would be some good means to resolve this? – Conflict over scarce resources: The natural resources of the world such as land, water, oil and fish are unequally distributed.Some countries have mo re of such resources while others have less. Those with less resource might use force to gain more, especially when these resources are necessary for survival and economic growth. -Conflicts over different ethnic groups: The lack of understanding among the racial groups can create suspicion and unhappiness among the people. This may lead to utbreaks of violence among ethnic groups. – To solve this, multi-racialism: The policy of multi-racialism promotes equality among the ethnic, with no special rights granted to any particular racial or religious group.Everyone has equal opportunities to succeed, regardless of their background. -Or, Common practices: An action that our country, everybody carries out together. Singing the national anthem, taking the pledge and attending flag rising ceremony. Talk about Bilateral ties and multilateral ties and military. We should adopt a natlonal securlty policy 0T deterrence supported Dy Olplomacy. Deterrence pollcy Is ased on being prepared for any form of threats while developing diplomatic relationships with as many countries as possible.Deterrence taken by countries to prevent and protect themselves from threats. These threats may be carried out by countries or non-state aggressors such as transnational terrorists. Deterrence could be practiced using the following methods: 1) Citizen armed force: If our country could not afford a large professional army. Thus, our government could plan to build a citizen armed force through enlisting able-bodied men into army. Like National Service (NS); all able-bodied male citizens ere called up to serve full-time NS. Through it, our country learns to defend their country.Not only that, NS also helps men to bond as they share a common experience during their training. This bonding helps to develop in them a sense of loyalty, patriotism and a shared destiny for our Country. 2) Total defense: A way to involve everyone in the defense of the country. It can only be effective only when all citizens believe that the country is worth defending, and are involved in our defense efforts. So, potential aggressors will think twice about attacking Singapore if they now they face the entire nation and not Just the armed forces.Total defense consists of five aspects: Military, Civil, Economic, Social and Psychological defense. 3) Beside building up a strong defense force within the country, we got to actively fosters friendly ties with the armed forces of other countries. This is conducted mainly through bilateral and multilateral military agreements, Joint military exercises, training programs and participation in the UN peace missions. – Bilateral military agreements and exercises: We have to make agreements with various countries to allow our troops to train in their countries. Examples; New Zealand, Indian and others.In addition to these agreements, we also conducts regular military training with neighboring countries, these training activities increase cooperat ion and strengthen ties among the participating countries. – Multi-lateral: It is similar to bilateral but it is more towards global issues. Where the Defense ministers from number of different countries gather together and talk about international problems. Like in the event of an external threat against a particular country, members would consult one another on the appropriate measures to be taken to deter the aggressor.

Consumersim, How It Controls Our Society Essay

With the rise of consumerism, our global society has become increasingly focused on consuming goods and services, as a means to feel good about ourselves and to drive the economies of the world. Without consumerism, our economy would collapse dramatically. Advertisers drive our society through manipulation and persuasion to drive their consumers to buy their products which are not relevant to their needs. Through exploration of the psychology of advertising the five stages of life, advertising theories and techniques and the work of composers like Bruce Dawe and Macklemore provide an understanding of advertising by writing about how consumerism is being influenced in our daily lives. Consumerism is a phenomenon that was always immanent in the relatively developed societies, where people purchased goods and consumed resources excessive to their needs. However, there was a major change after the Industrial Revolution. In the 1700’s, people were defined by the type of job they ha d for employment. The role of status in terms of class was formed together around in ways in which work was organised, and their fortune of wealth. This changed because of the industrial revolution as it was a period of great change. New industries like factories were being developed rapidly as a result of a number of inventions such as; the steam engine and spinning jenny, this machinery brought the industrial revolution to become the juggernaut that it was. Focus turned to the newer inventions to make life easier for working individuals and families with children. Now men and women of this modern society are not confined by their choice of employment but their ownership of trendy brands. Advertisements influence our daily lives by introducing new and improved ad campaigns manipulating the consumer into purchasing their product. Advertisements persuade consumers largely by appealing to their emotions, often using sensory information to get consumers to feel as though there is a sense of urgency about the offer, such as saying buy now, or limited time offer. There are many strategies that advertisers use when creating their ads and almost all of these strategies use the consumer’s emotions to make the consumer, desire the product. One of the strategies is Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs which is a five level pyramid that people go through to have a fulfilling life. Advertisers use this strategy by appealing to the consumer of a specific  level, if a consumer is on the Stage Three-Love and Belonging Needs, this level on the hierarchy is the acceptance and desire to fit in with other people, this can mean friends, family, significant others, or all of above. The men and women in this category will usually purchase the following item for the following reasons; magazines and anything else that will keep them updated with the latest trends, name branded item, perfumes and colognes, make-up, and sexy clothes to attract people of the opposite sex and gain love, lastly self-improvement books to avoid criticism and to be accepted by society. An example of this strategy is celebrity endorsements; this strategy is used in beauty products such as the Katy Perry Proactive Skin Care advertisement. In this advertisement, Katy Perry is indicating when she used the proactive treatment; her acne automatically disappeared within a short amount of time. Due to this product she started to feel confident in herself with perfect, clear skin manipulating the consumers to feel the same way. These products are not needed for the people living the life in stage five because they are self-actualisation. In this stage, the person feels that they have become everyt hing they possibly can as they have reached the level of extreme peace, knowledge and self-fulfilment they do not need anything else to make them happy. Advertisers tailor their advertisements towards target audiences by broadcasting their advertisements over the internet, television commercials and radio stations using basic methods of persuasion forcing their consumers to purchase their product. The advertisers achieve their goals by using the most common strategy for targeting their audiences which is AIDA. AIDA stands for (Attention, Interest, Desire and Action), this method is very helpful for the advertisers when designing powerful advertisements. An example of this is capturing the attention of the target audience. People see hundreds of advertisements daily, but they only read a small portion of the advertisement. Which is why capturing the consumer’s attention is the important part of designing the advertisement. The advertisers use large exciting headlines to make t heir advertisement interesting such as; Announcing, Breakthrough, Shocking, How to _, these words always breakthrough capturing the consumer’s attention. This kind of strategy works on consumers because the advertisers are making their advertisement seem exciting and new. Starting off with such powerful words make the consumers want to stop, watch, and listen. Another strategy is the Quadrant Theory. The Quadrant Theory relies on the natural path and western culture. In western cultures, people read from left to right and start from the top left corners, travelling right across the page and travelling down. Our eyes are trained to move this way so advertisers will put the most important info at the top of the page and lesser or secondary info at the bottom. The images are designed to attract attention at the top of the page where our eyes would naturally go anyway. An example of this strategy is the Whisker’s advertisement. In this advertisement our eyes automatically go straight towards the bulky grey elephant on the left side of the image, commencing right across the image to see a small kitten attacking the elephant with its claws, ending the advertisement with a message â€Å"Feeding your cat’s instincts†. This kind of strategy works on consumers because Whiskas is indicating to their target audience that the produ ct is meeting their cats’ instinct of desires by capturing their prey, and their prey of desire is captured as the elephant in their food product for cats. Techniques of persuasion are used by advertisers to manipulate the consumer and persuade them that they require to have it, right then and there. There are large numbers of techniques used in advertisements; most of the advertisers use the subtle use of humour and sex appeal. In the Aami Insurance advertisement, Rhonda is referring to her Bali trip as exotic and her interpretation of Ketut’s â€Å"You look so hot today, Rhonda† and †Like a sunrise† lines as flirting, when he is obviously referring to her badly sunburnt skin, is quite humorous and real. As Rhonda is replying with â€Å"Kiss me Ketut†, this is an enormous move away from typical car insurance ads where people have been in a car accident. It is only in the latest instalment when Rhonda returns home from Bali and is relaying her interpretation of her meeting with Ketut to her friend, which a minor car accident occurs. Luckily enough Rhonda was insured with Aami, they were quick to assist her. These aspects of the Aami advertisement appeal to the target audiences because they are wanting the consumer’s to think of the advertis ement when picking a choice of insurance, as Aami will always be there to assist you fast no matter where you are or how small the incident was. Another example of an advertisement that uses persuasive techniques is the â€Å"Despicable Me 2, Happy Meal† McDonalds advertisement which has the characters from the Despicable Me 2 being the main focus. However this ad is most appealing to children as the presence of minions are making it humorous and exhilarating using a mix of illusion and reality together as one. These techniques are pressuring the children to want their product with limited time offers. Even though these techniques are manipulating we are not completely blind to the effects of consumerism because some advertisements end up failing to attract the consumer’s attention and interest which makes the advertisement fail. Some people dynamically point out the negative aspects of consumerism composing poems or soundtracks in the way of which consumerism has taken over and is operating our minds. People like Bruce Dawe who has in sighted us the negative effects of consumerism through his poems. Bruce Daweà ¢â‚¬â„¢s poetry focuses on the concept of consumerism surrounding the modern era. Dawe’s poem â€Å"Televistas† follows a story-line of two characters watching television. He composes this romance converting it over to a parody (making fun of something by pretending it is serious and doing it in the same style) of two people meeting and falling-in-love. Dawe pinpoints this parody by saying that instead of the couple sharing a kiss, they â€Å"shared a samboy† (packet of chips), instead of gazing into another’s eyes, they were â€Å"Crunching in the afterglow† He is highlighting a serious message that perhaps like meeting a person, spending time with them, falling-in-love and sharing a first kiss are being replaced by consumer products such as watching television and eating brand named food. Bruce Dawe wants his reader to contemplate about our relationships and how they are being affected by the concept of consumerism. Dawe’s poem â€Å"Amer icanized† negotiates the negative effects of consumerism. This serves as an extended metaphor for how consumerism examines and dominates our society. His negative tone is made clear through lines such as (She loves him†¦but will not allow him outside. â€Å"The streets are full of nasty cars and men†) she whispers , this quote demonstrates the mother’s fear of her child being exposed to consumerism and how it dominates our society, protecting the child from being manipulated into desiring products he does not need. Dawe also highlights how consumerism compels us to consider buying products  excessively is healthy for us through the quote ‘she loves him’ ‘she’ is the mother for who consumerism is in this metaphor. This is meant to say how consumerism makes us consider it to be valuable to us. Dawe’s achievement is to have his audience realise that consumerism is suffocating by shoving new products into our faces, when in reality we do not need them at all. The song â€Å"WINGS† by Rap composer Macklemore and producer Ryan Lewis is about the pursuit of identity through the means of consumerism. The attempt is to dissect our infatuation and attachment to logos, labels, brands an d the fleeting happiness that is intrinsically linked to the almighty power of the purchase. Macklemore talks about how people do not question or even think about consumerist ways but just follow them. He quotes ‘Movement told me to be a consumer and I consumed it’ this is a good example of the trend ‘Nike’. ‘Nike’ is such a popular designer label for sports gear, the society do not care for what the product is or how much it costs, but the value it can have for them. Societies are able to keep up with these latest developments and movements without even blinking. Macklemore also talks about people judging others by the clothes they uniform in the quote’ More than just a pair a pair of shoes’ this is implying the shoes aren’t just ordinary shoes. These shoes are representing this person for who they are. Through ‘Wings’ Macklemore communicates that consumerism has manipulated the society to believe that they ne ed to wear specific brands to fit in and be accepted. Through the exploration of consumerism it has become clear we the societies are restricted by this way of life so much we don’t even realise it. The effect of living in this society is so great it has even been cultured from birth to adulthood contributing to buying popular brands, which the people do not necessarily need for survival and we are always exposed with advertisements everywhere we go. Having the true understanding of the Psychology of Advertising it becomes apparent we will realise how consumerism is dominating our world. This brings awareness of how consumerism and advertisement has taken domination of our lives and addresses out to the public. An analysis of the Psychology and techniques of advertisements has defined today’s society on how it has been dominated and manipulated with use of the poetry of Bruce Dawe’s ‘Americanized’ and ‘Televistas’, with also Macklemore soundtrack ‘WINGS’. With the rise of consu merism, our global society has become increasingly focused on consuming  goods and services, as a means to feel good about ourselves and to increase the economies of the world. Without consumerism, our economy would collapse dramatically. The advertisers motivate society through manipulating and persuasion to force their consumers to purchase their products which are not relevant to their daily needs. However, to make consumers stay interested in the product of desire, the advertisers enhance the awareness of their product sub-consciously to make sure their advertisement stays in their minds for the consumer to buy. In today’s societies, consumerism is the tale of life, even though it has dominated and manipulated us into thinking we have to follow the procedures of buying products we do not need.